Environmentally Responsive Design and Green Architecture

Sustainability and environmental performance goals are presently major contributing factors to design choices. Each new building attempts to take one step further in being even more environmentally conscious than the last. Although this process is extremely beneficial to the environment and surrounding ecosystem, where is this race to create a totally “Green building” heading? Structures are now emerging that look more like nature than building, with towering green walls and sprawling roof gardens disguising any distinguishable architectural element. This raises the question, are we going over board? Surely sustainable design does not mean a building which is literally green.

One of the most influential factors to consider when studying ecologically sustainable development, is the advantageous affect that passive cooling and heating can have on the efficiency of a home. This involves the careful selection of materials appropriate to the climate in which the building is situated, the thorough consideration of the orientation of the building to allow adequate ventilation and appropriate solar heat gain and various other factors. By considering all of these aspects the efficiency of the building can increase dramatically, whilst also drastically decreasing the cost of heating and cooling the building.

In the field of ESD, two terms which constantly appear are the U and R values of products, but what do these mean? Whether referring to insulation or glazing each product on the market has a specific either U or R value. These values refer to the thermal performance of specific products and materials and how they assist in maintaining thermal control in a building or structure. These values are an integral part of the BASIX, NatHERS and Section J process in the NCC, which require specific values to be either entered into the glazing calculator for Section J reports or specific glazing types with predetermined U and SHGC values for BASIX and NatHERS along with specific R values for insulation and building materiality.

What is a 6 Star Rating?

The National Construction Code (NCC formally known as the BCA) requires all new residential dwellings in Australia (Except NSW)* to achieve a minimum of a 6 Star Rating using the Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS), approved software.

In response to growing concerns around greenhouse emissions, the Australian Government introduced a coordinated national approach in July 2000.

This approach focused on two key directions.

First, mandatory minimum energy performance requirements were implemented through the Building Code of Australia (BCA), ensuring all new buildings meet a baseline standard.

Second, the industry was encouraged to adopt voluntary best practice initiatives, allowing for innovation and higher performance outcomes beyond compliance.

These measures were supported by theNational Framework for Energy Efficiency(NFEE), a national agreement between Australian governments aimed at improving energy efficiency across the country. The objective was clear: unlock economic value through smarter energy use, while delivering cost-effective outcomes.

To support this transition, working groups were formed across government, industry, and community sectors. Their role was to contribute to the development of the BCA Energy Efficiency Provisions.

Recognising the impact of buildings on national emissions, theAustralian Building Codes Board(ABCB) and theAustralian Greenhouse Officeformalised their collaboration through a Memorandum of Understanding.

This led to the development of the Energy Efficiency Provisions now known asSection J of the National Construction Code (NCC)— applying to both commercial and residential buildings across Australia.

To read more about Section J, click here